2ES5K "Yermak" is a mainline freight electric locomotive operating on 25 kV AC, with four-axle sections equipped with DC traction motors. These locomotives represent the next evolutionary stage in the development of the VL80 freight locomotive family and are positioned as their primary replacement.

The locomotives were developed in Novocherkassk and have been produced since 2004, being the most widely manufactured family of Russian electric locomotives currently in production. A modified version of the 2ES5K — the 2EL5 locomotive — was produced at the Luhansk plant. The majority of 2EL5 units are operated in Ukraine.