The EP1 is the first serial-produced six-axle AC passenger electric locomotive with a voltage of 25 kV in the history of Russian electric locomotive manufacturing, produced by the Novocherkassk Electric Locomotive Plant.

Based on the EP1, the modified EP1M locomotive was developed, differing from the base model by a new cab design and the use of more modern equipment. Additionally, the EP1P was introduced, which differs from the EP1M by an increased gear ratio to enhance traction force.

The EP1M locomotives were mass-produced starting in 2006. A total of 455 EP1M units were built. All were delivered to Russian railways, becoming some of the most widely used AC passenger electric locomotives in the country. Overall, the EP1M is considered one of the most successful developments of the Novocherkassk plant.